Prostate Cancer

Precision Oncology for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the prostate gland, an important part of the male reproductive system responsible for producing seminal fluid. Comprehensive genomic profiling helps identify actionable biomarkers, enabling personalized treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes.

Early Detection
Precision Medicine
Better Outcomes
Prostate Cancer

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the prostate gland, a small organ in the male reproductive system responsible for producing the fluid component of semen.

Early detection together with precision oncology and genomic profiling helps identify personalized treatment strategies and improves long-term clinical outcomes.

Begins in the prostate gland
One of the most common cancers in men
Early diagnosis improves treatment success

Symptoms

  • Blood in urine
  • Blood in semen
  • Frequent urination, especially at night
  • Difficulty starting urination
  • Urinary leakage
  • Back or bone pain
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Fatigue
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Weakness in the arms or legs

Risk Factors

  • Men aged 50 years or older
  • Family history of prostate cancer
  • Inherited BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
  • Overweight or obesity
  • Smoking
  • Exposure to Agent Orange or arsenic
Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Accurate diagnosis combined with genomic profiling helps determine the stage of prostate cancer and supports personalized treatment planning for improved clinical outcomes.

Diagnosis

1
PSA Blood Test

Measures Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) levels in the blood to help detect prostate abnormalities.

2
Digital Rectal Exam & Imaging

Digital rectal examination together with ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET scans helps assess the prostate and detect tumour spread.

3
Biopsy

A prostate tissue sample is examined under the microscope to confirm cancer and guide treatment decisions.

Treatment Options

Prostatectomy

Surgical removal of the prostate gland to eliminate localized cancer.

Ablation Therapy

Extreme heat or cold destroys prostate cancer cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissue.

Chemotherapy

Anti-cancer medicines help destroy rapidly growing prostate cancer cells.

Radiotherapy

High-energy radiation targets and destroys prostate cancer cells.

Targeted Therapy

Precision medicines target specific genetic alterations involved in tumour growth.

Immunotherapy

Enhances the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Hormone Therapy

Lowers or blocks testosterone to slow the growth of prostate cancer cells.

Radiopharmaceutical Therapy

Radioactive medicines specifically target and destroy prostate cancer cells.

Prognosis

Survival Outcomes

Prognosis depends on the stage of disease, overall health, treatment response, and timely diagnosis. Early-stage prostate cancer has excellent survival outcomes when appropriately treated.

Median Survival

According to the Malaysian Study on Cancer Survival (MySCan).

58.02

Months Following Diagnosis

Five-Year Relative Survival

Survival rates by cancer stage.

Stage I 97.3%
Stage II 92.1%
Stage III 93.0%
Stage IV 43.2%

Frequently Asked Questions

Stage I: The cancer is small and confined to the prostate.

Stage II: The cancer is larger but remains within the prostate gland.

Stage III: The cancer has grown beyond the prostate into nearby tissues.

Stage IV: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes or distant organs such as bones or the liver.

The Gleason Score evaluates how aggressive prostate cancer cells appear under the microscope. Scores range from 6 to 10, with higher scores indicating faster-growing cancer.

Grade Groups range from 1 to 5 and are derived from the Gleason Score to help guide treatment decisions.

Many early-stage prostate cancers can be cured through surgery, radiation therapy, or other localized treatments. Advanced prostate cancer can often be controlled for long periods using hormone therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and other advanced treatment options.
Need Precision Oncology Testing?

Explore comprehensive molecular diagnostics and genomic profiling to support accurate diagnosis, prognosis, targeted therapy selection, and personalized treatment planning for prostate cancer.